• Lichen sclerosus: Causes white, thin, fragile skin that may tear easily. Often leads to itching and discomfort, and can affect the shape of the vulva over time.

• Lichen planus: Can cause red or purple patches, irritation, pain during sex, or soreness when passing urine. Sometimes affects the inside of the vagina or mouth too.

• Eczema or dermatitis: Caused by skin sensitivity, allergies, or irritants like soaps or hygiene products.

• Psoriasis: Causes red, scaly patches that may affect the vulva as well as other parts of the body.

• Fungal infections (e.g. thrush): Common and usually short-term, but can recur. Cause itching, redness, and white discharge.

• Contact dermatitis: A reaction to products like scented wipes, soaps, laundry detergent, or pads.

• Itching or burning

• Dryness or cracking

• Red or white patches

• Skin splitting or soreness

• Pain during sex or urination

• Changes to skin texture or colour

No. Most vulval dermatoses, like lichen sclerosus or eczema, are not contagious and cannot be passed on through sex or contact.

Some conditions, like lichen sclerosus, are long-term and may need ongoing treatment. However, once symptoms are under control, the amount and frequency of treatment can often be reduced.

Most vulval dermatoses are not cancer, but some (especially lichen sclerosus) may slightly increase the risk over time. This is why regular follow-up is important if you have certain conditions. Any new lumps, sores, or changes should always be checked.