Ovarian Cysts & Masses
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside the ovaries. They are very common, especially before the menopause, and most are harmless and go away on their own without treatment.
While cysts are usually fluid-filled, ovarian masses may be solid or mixed (solid and fluid). Some can be benign (non-cancerous), but others may require further tests to rule out cancer, especially after menopause.
Frequently Asked Questions
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Common types of cysts include:
Functional cysts – related to the menstrual cycle (e.g. follicular or corpus luteum cysts); these are the most common and usually disappear naturally.
Dermoid cysts – contain different tissues (like hair or fat) and are usually present from birth.
Endometriomas – linked to endometriosis and can contain old blood (sometimes called “chocolate cysts”).
Cystadenomas – filled with watery fluid or mucus and can grow quite large.
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Most are not. Many are part of your normal cycle and go away on their own. However, some can cause problems like pain or need further investigation, especially if they are large or solid.
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Most ovarian cysts are harmless and not cancerous, particularly in younger women. To be thorough, your doctor may arrange a blood test and look closely at the features of the cyst on your scan. If there are any signs that need further attention, the right treatment or a referral to a specialist will be offered.
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Most cysts do not affect your ability to get pregnant. Some conditions like endometriosis or repeated surgery may have an impact, and your doctor will discuss this with you if needed.
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No symptoms at all (often found during scans for other reasons)
Pelvic pain or pressure
Bloating or fullness
Irregular periods
Pain during sex
Needing to urinate more often
In rare cases, sudden severe pain if the cyst twists (ovarian torsion) or bursts